本文结构In This Post
一、为什么现在必须升级I. Why Upgrade Now
密码泄露与钓鱼攻击成本越来越低，攻击者可以借助自动化脚本持续试探账号体系。只靠密码与短信验证码，无法支撑高价值业务场景的长期安全。Credential leaks and phishing are cheaper than ever. Attackers automate account probing at scale. Password + SMS OTP is no longer enough for high-value business scenarios.
Passkey 与自适应 MFA 的组合可以同时改善安全性与体验：减少密码重置工单、提升登录成功率、降低账户接管风险。Combining passkeys with adaptive MFA improves both security and UX: fewer password reset tickets, higher login success, and lower account takeover risk.
二、三阶段落地路径II. Three-Phase Rollout
阶段 1：高风险人群先行Phase 1: Start with High-Risk Users
优先覆盖管理员、财务、生产环境操作账号，强制启用 MFA，并逐步引导 Passkey 绑定。Cover administrators, finance, and production operators first. Enforce MFA and gradually require passkey enrollment.
阶段 2：全员默认启用Phase 2: Make It Default for Everyone
新用户默认走 Passkey 注册，旧用户在登录流程内完成无感迁移，减少培训与阻力。Default new users to passkey enrollment and migrate existing users in-session to reduce training overhead.
阶段 3：按风险动态加固Phase 3: Risk-Based Step-Up Controls
将设备信誉、地理位置、行为异常纳入评分，触发二次验证，而不是对所有请求一刀切。Use device trust, geo signals, and behavior anomalies for risk scoring and targeted step-up verification instead of blanket friction.
三、衡量成效的关键指标III. Metrics That Matter
建议持续跟踪四类指标：Passkey 绑定率、登录成功率、账户接管事件数、密码重置工单量。只看覆盖率不看事件下降，容易形成“形式升级”。Track four indicators continuously: passkey enrollment rate, login success rate, account takeover incidents, and password reset volume.
四、常见失败点IV. Common Failure Modes
最常见问题是“技术上线了，治理没跟上”：缺少例外审批、缺少恢复流程、缺少审计闭环。认证升级必须和授权、审计、支持流程一起设计。The most common failure is technical rollout without governance: no exception approvals, weak recovery flow, and no audit loop. Authentication upgrades must be designed with authorization, audit, and support processes together.